Multi-State Reliability Assessment Model of Base-Load Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) during Flexible Operation Considering the Aging of Cyber Components

Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPESs) are energy systems which rely on cyber components for production, transmission and distribution control, other functions. With the penetration of Renewable Sources (RESs), CPESs required to provide flexible operation (e.g., load-following, frequency regulation) respond any sudden imbalance power grid, due variability in generation by RESs. This raises concerns reliability traditionally used as base-load facilities, such Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), were not designed operation, more so, since only hardware aging stochastic failures have been considered assessment, whereas contribution degradation CPSs has neglected. In this paper, we propose a multi-state model that integrates with components, quantify unreliability CPES load-following operations under normal/emergency conditions. To show application assessment model, consider case Control Rod System (CRS) NPP typically supply.